儒家文化命运辨析--全球化时代几种儒家文化归宿理论的实证检验

The Destiny of Confucianism: An Empirical Study of Some Theories of Confucianism in the Era of Globalization

"儒家文化的命运"关系到每个中国人的安身立命,关系到中华民族和中国的命运,关系到人类和世界格局及其发展趋势。本文以10个样本城市1254个样本的经验数据为根据,澄清了两个诉说纷纭的问题:一,儒家文化的生存状态,它是一成不变地保留下来了,还是已经彻底消亡,抑或是处于一种折中状态?二,近年出现的传统文化复兴现象的性质,它是一个暂时的现象,还是一个长期历史趋势的开端?实证分析表明:一、儒家文化的生存状态,既不是张之洞所言的"一成不变",也不是列文森所言的"彻底消亡"。在经历了一个半世纪的被妖魔化的历史之后,经过损益的儒家文化仍然活着。二、近年来出现的传统文化复兴现象,不是一场误会,而是历史的必然;不是稍纵即逝的泡沫,而是一个长期历史趋势的开端。儒家文化正迎来一个复兴的时代。儒家文化之所以在此时走上复兴之路,一是中国的终极文化具有超越时代的素质,这种素质孕育了其复兴的"可能性";二是中国的工具文化现代化获得了空前成功,这种成功创造了使可能转化为现实的"大势";三是当下的有利的现实的经济、政治、社会和国际条件。

Since the 15th century,there have been a variety of concepts in dealing with ethno-national issues. These concepts have had a significant im pact on the ethno-national policies and legislations of M odern countries in the world.The author makes a comparative analysis of several influential concepts in dealing with ethno-national issues,which are colonialism,racialism,assim ilationism,m ulticulturalism and Marxism to deal with ethno-national issues. While the above m entioned five concepts developed with a certain historical sequence,there has also been some synchronicity and Anw esenheit in their developm ent. In the paper,the author argues that m ulticulturalism is the most civilized and tolerant concept in dealing with ethno-national issues in the Western societies. To a certain extent it transcends the racialism and assim ilationism,but still has its own limitations. Marxism is the most advanced concept in dealing with ethno-national issues in the history of m ankind which is integrated into many other factors such as'justice','protection of cultural diversity 'etc. Moreover,Marxism insists on dealing with equality issues at its most fundamental or political level. Marxism has played an important part in some socialist countries,particularly in China.