演化经济学的人类行为理论——对“理性人”假设的批判与超越

Theory on Human Behavior of Evolutionary Economics——Criticism and Transcendence to the “Rational Man” Hypothesis

新古典经济学依靠形式化演绎方法和繁琐的数学技巧已发展得"枝繁叶茂","理性人"假设所规定的人的行为特征完全服从于这种形式化演绎方法的需要。新古典经济学为它的这一核心假设在方法论上构筑了厚厚的保护带,约定主义、工具主义、描述主义等方法论上的主张已有效回击了来自各方面的批判。而演化经济学则通过批判新古典经济学持有的更具根本性的机械本体论,彻底否定了演绎方法论的合理性,一旦演绎方法论被抛弃,则演绎方法论所辩护的"理性人"假设中的那些堂而皇之的教条就失去了存在的理由。演化经济学把自己的行为理论基建于有机、系统、动态、开放的演化本体论基础之上,并借助多学科的融合,由此打开了人性"黑箱":发展了人类行为能力理论,揭示了人性社会嵌入的机制,分析了个体多样性特征,阐释了社会群体的动态演化过程。

Rely on formal deductive method and tedious mathematical skills, neoclassical economics has developed ＂flourishing＂, human behavior characteristic of ＂rational man＂ hypothesis is completely subordinate to the need of formal deductive method. Neoclassical economics built thick protection zone on the methodology for its core assumption, conventionalism, instrumentalism, descriptivism and other methodological claim has effectively fight back to the all sides criticism of the ＂rational man＂ hypothesis. By criticizing the fundamental mechanical ontology of neoclassical economics, evolutionary economics completely denied the rationality of deductive methodology, once mechanical ontology were abandoned, the doctrine of ＂rational man＂ hypothesis will lost its reason to exist. Based on the organic, system, dynamic and open evolutionary ontology, evolutionary economics built his behavior theory, on this basis, by virtue of muhidisciplinary integration, they opened the ＂black box＂ of human nature： Developed the theory of human behavior, revealed the mechanism of human nature influenced by social factors, analyzed individual diversity characteristics, Explained the dynamic evolution process of social groups.