康德、雅可比与泛神论之争

Kant,Jacobi,and Pantheism Controversy

泛神论之争的哲学实质在于理性与信仰的关系问题。雅可比论证一切以理性推论为基础的哲学必然导致与信仰相对的无神论、宿命论。门德尔松的形而上学试图表明信仰可以得到理性的证明,然而他的形而上学抵挡不住雅可比与康德的攻击。康德通过其实践理性信仰的立场在一定程度上缓解了理性与信仰的冲突,然而,这却引发了雅可比对康德理性信仰的进一步批判。似乎没有任何方案可以解决雅可比的二难处境:要么我们放弃理性以拯救信仰,要么我们放弃信仰以支持理性。

The key theme of the pantheism controversy was that of relationship of reason and faith. Jacobi argued that all philosophy based on the reason necessarily led to the atheism and fatalism. Mendelssohn＇ s metaphysics tried to prove the faith through reason. However, his metaphysics could not withstand the attack from Kant and Jaco- bi. Kant＇ s practical faith relieved the conflict of reason and faith to some extent. However, in the eyes of Jacobi, Kant＇ s practical justification of faith was extremely problematic. There did not seem to be any solution to Jacobi＇ s dilemma. Either we forswore our reason to save our faith, or we abandoned our faith to uphold our reason.