美国经济结构及其政策效应分析

An Analysis of America Economic Structure and the Policy Effect of the Impacting Factors

数理模型证明,在可出口品、可进口品和非贸易品的经济结构中,非贸易品需求效应和资源移动效应的数量变化依赖于相对价格供求弹性的大小。回归分析表明,非贸易品相对价格与非贸易品相对需求和供给之间符合一般的供求规律,且价格上升所引起的供给增加大于价格上升所引致的需求下降,这意味着非贸易品在从国际部门吸收要素。以1955-2011年为样本,研究影响美国经济结构的形成因素时,结果显示经济政策是影响贸易部门的重要成本因素,财政税收政策对行业投资的调节作用大于货币政策。

The math model testifies that in the economic structure of exportable, importable and nontradable goods, the quantity change of nontradables depends on its elastisities of demand and supply when they are in- fluenced by demand effect and resource transformation effect of relative price change. The regression outputs of ordinary least squares estimators show that the relation between relative nontradable price and demand ＆ supply accords with the general law of demand and supply. And also the quantity of supply is larger than that of demand when the relative price rises. This means the nontradable industry is absorbing factors from international indus- try. This also means that the resource transformation effect of relative price change has produced the anti-trade effect. When testing the impacting factors of American economic structure during 1955-2011, we find that the economic policies are important influencing factors of cost in tradables. And the adjustment function of fiscal ＆ tax policy is bigger than that of monetary policy.