论美国自然生态资源中的公共信托理论

On the Public Trust Doctrine in Natural Ecological Resource of the United States

美国宪法修正案第五条之征收条款规定,没有支付合理补偿,私人财产不得征为公用。作为英国普通法的遗产,公共信托理论又赋予了州保护湿地、沿海区域等自然生态资源的绝对权威。在公共信托财产及其毗邻土地之上,美国征收条款与公共信托理论交互其内,如何平衡公共信托的信托利益与私人征收请求权所主张的私人利益间的关系,值得研究。

The takings clause of the fifth amendment of the United States constitution provides that private property shall not be taken for public use, without the payment of just compensation to the owner. As part of English common law heritage, the public trust doctrine, provides the states with significant authority to protect wetlands, coastal area and other natural resource. There are interactions between the takings clause and the public trust doctrine on the public trust property and its adjacent land, so it is worth studying how to balance the relationship between public trust interests and takings claimant＇s private interests.