近代以来四川藏区民族城市针对地质灾害的应对方式之变迁

Changes of Ways of Coping with Geologic Catastrophes in Ethnic Cities in Tibetan Areas of Sichuan in Modern History

四川藏区是多民族聚居地,也是地质灾害多发地带,城市发展长期受到自然环境的影响。原乡土著在长期的生活经验中积累了应对自然灾害的应对机制,包括围绕着寺庙发展、建筑防震等。自18世纪以来中央政权加强对四川藏区的统治后,四川藏区城市受到内地文化更多的影响,在这一过程中城市以更积极主动的方式迎接地质灾害的挑战,而受汉地影响更大的康定表现出与其他藏区城市不同的应对方式,如迁移城市,建筑上用木结构穿斗房取代部分碉房,改变城市空间形态等。文章通过分析18~20世纪康定城在地质灾害后的城市发展过程,反映现代化过程中民族城市针对地质灾害的应对方式的变迁。

Tibetan Areas in Sichuan are inhabited by various ethnic groups, and are also frequently stricken by the geologic catastrophes. So the development of cities in these areas is influenced by the natural environment. The native people have formed their own harness mechanisms for coping with natural disasters including ways on temples＇ development, the earthquake-proof construction and the religious beliefs. After the central government strengthened its control on these areas since the 18th century, the Tibetan Areas in Sichuan began to deal with the challenges brought by the geologic catastrophes in a more active and positive way, and Kangting, which has been greatly influenced by the hinterland, formed its unique ways in coping with the geologic catastrophes. For example, Kangting has changed cities locations, replaced the blockhouses with wooden Chuandoufang, a kind of houses with column-and-tie structure, and altered the city spaces and so on.