从“精卫填海”与“黄帝擒蚩尤”看上古部落的冲突与融合

The Tribal Conflict and Integration in the Ancient Times from the Legends of Jingwei Trying to Fill up the Sea and Huangdi Capturing Chiyou

"精卫填海"神话反映了炎帝神农氏与东夷蚩尤氏冲突的历史,炎帝携女娃东巡蚩尤族领地导致了女娃被害的惨剧,炎帝借用鸟图腾和人死化生的观念,虚构了精卫鸟衔西山之木石以复仇东海的故事。女娃被害促进了炎黄部落的联合,引发"黄帝擒蚩尤"的战争,而决定炎黄部落与蚩尤部落战争的胜败,乃在于南方苗蛮集团中的一支——处于良渚文化圈的女魃部落加入战斗,但战争并没有给女魃部落带来利益,导致了其不能回故土又被迫北迁的结局,这也解释了良渚文化突然由盛转衰的原因。

The myth Jingwei trying to fill up the sea reflects the history of conflict between Chinese emperor Yandi and Chiyou of Dongyi ethnic group .Yandi＆#39;s tour to the east （Chiyou＆#39;s territory ） together with godess N＆#252;wa caused the tragedy that N＆#252;wa was murdered by Chiyou .The Yan tribe fabricated the story that the mythical bird Jingwei sought revenge on the East Sea by trying to fill it up with pebbles . N＆#252;wa＆#39;s murder promoted the integration of Yan and Huang tribes ,which triggered the war that Huangdi captured Chiyou .N＆#252;ba tribe ,which belonged to Liangzhu culture living in south Miaoman group ,played an important role in the victory of this war .But this war didn＆#39;t bring any benefits for N＆#252;ba tribe .The tribe couldn＆#39;t return their homeland and was forced to move to the north China .That is the reason why Liang‐zhu culture all of a sudden changed from prosperity to decline .