德意志文化启蒙与康德的审美教育理论

German Cultural Enlightenment and Kant's Aesthetic Educational Theory

思索人类生存、发展的命运,找寻人类自由解放的途径是康德一生的追求。正是在这终生不渝的追求中,康德发现了教育对于每个人的哲学意义,确立了教育的终极使命。教育正是在发掘人类理性而抑制动物的野蛮性,使人从习性上符合人的本质也即"理性"的道路上与审美相遇,美学成为培养具有高尚道德的人的中介环节。康德审美教育理论由此表现为一种对启蒙理性、对文化的非人性化的批判精神,用审美和艺术照亮社会实践和每个人的心灵,让每个人学会理解社会和自我,更加自由、全面地发展自身的可能性。

It was Kant＇s lifetime pursuit to ponder over human survival and fate through development, and to look for the path of human freedom and liberation. It is just in this pursuit that Kant found the philosophical meaning of education for everybody and established the ultimate mission of education. Education meets aesthetics just in the way of discovering human reason and restraining animal＇s barbarism in order to make humans accord with human essence. Thus, aesthetics becomes the intermediary link in the cultivation of noble morality. Kant＇s aesthetic educational theory then shows a kind of critical spirit on non-humanity of Enlightenment reason and cul^lre and enlightens social practice and everyone＇s mind from appreciation of beauty and art, and then lets everybody learn to understand society and himself and develops his own possibilities more free and comprehensively.