成都市儿童青少年总体膳食质量与青春期发育关系

Cross-sectional association between overall diet quality and pubertal development among children and adolescents in Chengdu City

目的分析总体膳食质量与青春期发育的关系。方法采用分层整群抽样法抽取1549名成都市7~15岁儿童青少年作为调查对象,通过食物频率法收集调查对象过去一年各类食物摄入及饮食行为情况,按照儿童青少年膳食指数评分体系评价其总体膳食质量。同时采用现场观测和询问法收集调查对象的青春期发育情况。结果被调查人群男、女生膳食指数的平均得分分别为57.57±11.32分和59.73±11.50分。在男生中,高膳食质量组的初遗和变声的发生率最低;在女生中,高膳食质量组乳房发育处于B1期的人数所占比例最高,初潮发生率最低;发育程度越高,男、女生的膳食指数得分越低。结论儿童青少年的膳食总体质量与青春期发育存在一定程度的负相关,且膳食质量对女孩青春期发育的影响作用可能更大。

Objective To explore the association between overall diet quality and pubertal development among children. Methods A total of 1713 children and adolescents aged 7 - 15 years in Chengdu were recruited by cluster sampling and surveyed using food frequency questionnaires to collect information on their intakes and frequency of all kinds of foods and drinks over the past year. Diet quality of participants was evaluated using Chinese Children Dietary Index. Pubertal development was assessed according to the Tanner method. Results The mean dietary index score of boys and girls were 57.57 _＋ 11.32 and 59.73 ＋ 11.50, respectively. The prevalence of spermarche or voice break was lowest among boys with higher diet quality. Similarly, girls with higher diet quality had a significantly lowest prevalence of menarche. Scores of Chinese Children Dietary Index for both boys and girls with higher degree of pubertal development were the lowest. Conclusion The overall diet quality of children and adolescents was negatively associated with their pubertal development. Moreover, this association appeared to be stronger in girls than that in boys.