城市社区空间应急疏散能力评价模型构建及其应用——以北京市交道口社区为例

Construction of Evaluation Model of Emergency Evacuation Capacity in Urban Community:Case Study in Jiaodaokou,Beijing

以城市防灾空间中最基本的单元——社区空间为研究对象,对其应急疏散能力评价方法进行探讨。建立了基于现状空间分析的应急疏散能力评价模型,模型由应急疏散时间半径与应急疏散容量半径两个维度及应急疏散距离、道路有效宽度、道路集成度、应急疏散场所容量、社区人口密度5个因素构成。最后,通过GIS中的服务区分析及空间句法分析等技术,将模型应用于北京市交道口社区,找到交道口社区中应急疏散能力较弱的区域,为社区应急疏散空间的优化提供了依据。

The paper established a model to evaluate the evacuation capacity of urban cornmumty space. I he model had two di- mensions：the time radius and the volume radius of emergency evacuation. The time radius can be evaluated by the evacuation distance, the valid width and integration of evacuation roads. The volume radius can be evaluated by the capacity of emergency shelter and the population density in the community. Then the paper took Jiaodaokou community in Beijing as an example to ap- ply the model, using the service area analysis and space syntax function in GIS, and found the weak points of evacuation in Jiaod- aokou community.