乌鲁木齐市253例孕妇叶酸、锌相关知识认知度及服用情况调查

Survey of nutrition knowledge and usage of folic acid and zinc in 253 pregnant women from Urumqi

目的了解乌鲁木齐市孕妇叶酸及锌相关知识的认知度和服用情况,探讨其可能的影响因素,为加强孕妇营养及进行健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用自行编制的问卷对新疆维吾尔自治区妇幼保健中心就诊的253名孕妇进行调查。对孕妇叶酸、锌相关知识的知晓及服用情况进行单因素分析,比较不同年龄、文化程度、家庭收入、职业孕妇的差异。结果叶酸、锌相关知识知晓率分别为83.4%和58.1%,服用率分别为80.2%和23.3%;低年龄、低文化程度、低收入孕妇叶酸、锌相关知识的知晓率及服用率较低;不同年龄、文化程度、职业的孕妇叶酸相关知识知晓及服用情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同职业、家庭经济情况孕妇锌相关知识的知晓及服用情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕妇叶酸知识来源中以医生指导为主(42.5%),其次为媒体(27.6%),来源于阅读医学书籍的占21%,来源于计生人员、专家讲座较少(8.8%);孕妇锌知识来源中以医生指导为主(42.2%),其次为媒体(27.7%),来源于阅读医学书籍的占22.5%,来源于计生人员、专家讲座较少(7.7%)。结论在乌鲁木齐孕妇人群中叶酸相关知识的知晓率、服用率有所提高,但锌相关知识的知晓率、服用率较低,因此对于低文化程度、低年龄、低收入孕妇人群,仍需加大叶酸、锌等相关营养知识的宣教力度,从而保持和促进母婴健康,降低母婴并发症。

Objective To investigate pregnant women′s knowledge and usage of folic acid and zinc in Uru-mqi area,and to find out the possible influencing factors.Methods 253 pregnant women in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Urumqi were investigated by questionnaire survey.The collected data were analyzed the rate of awareness and usage by univariate analysis method and we made a comparison between the differences in age,education level,household income and occupation.Results The average rate of nutri-tion awareness of folic acid and zinc was 83.4% and 58.1%.The intake rate was 80.2% and 23.3%;the folic acid knowledge and usage were significant different in different ages,educational levels,occupation （P〈0.05）.The awareness and usage of folic acid and zinc was lower in pregnant women from low-income,＆amp;nbsp;poor education backgrounds than that in those from high-income,good education environment （P 〈0.05）. One of the main sources of pregnant women′s folic acid and zinc knowledge comes from doctors′guidance, accounting for 42.5% and 42.2%;next from the media,accounting for 27.6% and 27.7%;medical books accounting for 21% and 22.5%;birth planning workers and expert lectures accounted for the least,8.8%and 7.7%.Conclusion The rates of awareness and intake of folic acid has incresed in pregnant women in Urumqi.However,the rates of awareness and intake of zinc was very low.Therefore,we should increase the efforts in the education of nutrition knowledge of folic acid,zinc among the pregnant women of low education level, low age and low-income so as to promote maternal and child health and reduce maternal complications.