高考双轨制:建立与双轨教育系统相适应的考试招生制度

Double-track College Entrance Examination: To Establish the Enrolment and Exam System Adapting to the Double-track Education System

中国的经济发展和产业结构升级导致劳动力市场对技术工人特别是高级技术工人的需求日增。为了回应这种需求,近年来,中等职业教育和高等职业教育在国家政策支持下得到了扩张性的发展,与普通教育成为并行的双轨。然而,单一的统一高考制度难以实现双轨教育体系的中高等教育衔接功能,而高考双轨制的提出则回应了这种功能性缺失,为高等学校考试招生制度规划出改革的方向。从最近发布的上海和浙江高考改革试点方案中能够观察到双轨制制度设计及其地区差异。这种地方试点、逐步推进的高考双轨制改革既避免了系统性错误,又为其他地区提供了可资借鉴的经验。

Demand for high skilled workers is increasing along with the economic development and industrial upgrading. To meet the labor market demand,vocational education has experienced an expansion in recent years,with support from the government,becoming a paralleled counterpart to general education. But the current college entrance examination does not function well in bridging the secondary and tertiary vocational education. Two-tier examination system for general education and vocational education will hopefully address this functional deficiency and guide the future reform for college entrance examination. Its institutional design and the regional variation can be observed from the recent Shanghai and Zhejiang pilots. These regional institutional experiments can avoid systematic errors and provide institutional learning for other regions.