类比推理与比喻推理之比较研究

Comparative Study of Analogical Reasoning and Analogy Reasoning

类比推理与比喻推理在概念、推理模式、特征以及作用等方面既有区别又有联系。类比推理建立在客观事实的基础上,常用于探索自然界的奥秘,它要求两个(类)事物有一系列相同之处,已知属性与推出属性的相关程度越高,前提对结论的支持就会越强;而比喻推理建立在比喻这种修辞手法之上,常用于论述道理,比喻推理中比喻和被比喻的事物只要存在相似关系即可,相似属性的建立越恰当精准,推理越"有说服力"。但类比推理和比喻推理都是对两个(类)不同事物进行比较,要求事物间相似处越多越好,并且力求产生较强推理效果的推理。

There are some differences and connections between analogical reasoning and figurative rea-soning in the aspects of concept, reasoning model, feature and function, etc. Based on objective facts, analogi-cal reasoning which requires two things have a series of similarities is often used to explore the mysteries of na-ture, the higher the related degree between known properties and reasoning properties of analogical reasoning is, the stronger the support provided by premise for conclusion will be;based on metaphor, figurative reasoning that only requires there is similarity relationship between two things is often used in discoursing truth, that a figurative reasoning has“persuasiveness”or not depends on whether its similar properties are established right. However, comparing two different things, both of these two types of reasoning require similarities between things as more as possible, and strive to have a strong reasoning effect.