环境规制下的全要素生产率及其影响因素研究

Total Factor Productivity under the Environmental Regulation and Its Influencing Factors

笔者利用中国1997—2011年30个省份投入产出数据,采用考虑环境的方向性距离函数方法研究了Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数及其分解技术进步指数和技术效率指数。研究发现,中国的环境全要素生产率是上升的;考虑环境因素的全要素生产率增长高于不考虑环境情况下的数值;环境全要素生产率指数的提高主要来自于技术进步。笔者进一步基于空间面板Tobit回归模型的环境全要素生产率影响因素分析表明,人均收入水平的提高是环境全要素生产率增长的重要原因;结构调整和城市化进程的加快对其产生负向的作用;技术进步和对外开放水平的提高促进了环境全要素生产率的上升。这些结论表明今后改革的方向应该是继续发挥技术进步的作用,注重经济结构和对外贸易结构的调整以及加快城市化进程的同时要注意环境保护意识。

Environmental regulation and Malmquist-Luenberger method through directional distance func- tion were applied in this paper to analyze the productivity index and its decomposition technological progress and technological efficiency index based on the input -output data of 30 provinces in China from the year 1997 to 2011. The results showed that our environmental TFP is rising; the TFP growth considering environmental factors is higher than that without them; the improvement of environmental TFP index is mainly from techno- logical progress. The factors analysis of environmental TFP based on Spatial Panel Tobit regression model showed that the increase of per capita income levels is the important reasons for total factor productivity growth, structural adjustment and accelerating urbanization process have negative effects on it; technological advances and the improvement of the level of opening up promote the rise of environmental TFP. These results indicate the future reform should be continue to pay attention to technologiea! progress, the adjustment of eco- nomic structure and foreign trade structure, when speed up the process of urbanization, also should pay atten- tion to the environmental protection consciousness.