民国时期现代化思想的碰撞与交融——读何爱国《中国现代化思想史论》

The Collision and Mergence of Modernization Ideologies During the Period of the Republic of China

民国时期虽然短暂,却是中国现代化发展的一个重要阶段。它的一大贡献就是对中国现代化问题的大讨论。当时各种主义、思想非常活跃,学者们先后围绕社会主义与资本主义、统制经济与自由经济、民主与独裁、全盘西化与本位文化、工业化与农业化等十多个问题展开了激烈的争论。这些讨论有助于拓展思路、达成共识,发现中国现代化的基本要求和基本规律。民国时期关于中国现代化问题的讨论是一笔丰厚的思想遗产,值得我们今天以辩证的理性态度加以总结和借鉴。

Although the period of the Republic of China is short, it is still a very important phase of the development of Chinese modernization. One of its great contributions is the big debates about the problems of Chinese modernization. Back then there were various doctrines and ideologies thriving in the ideological fields, and many scholars successively brought up fierce debates on more than a dozen issues such as socialism versus capitalism, dirigisme economy versus Laissez-faire economy, democracy versus dictatorship, wholesale westernization versus Chinese-centered culture, industrialization versus agriculture, etc. These debates help us to open the mind, reach some consensuses and explore the basic demands and patterns of Chinese modernization. The debates on problems of Chinese modernization during the period of Republic of China are rich ideological heritages, and are worthy of our summary and reference by dialectical and rational attitude.