新型锆合金设计与强韧化研究进展

Research progress of new zirconium alloys design and strengthening and toughening

空间活动构件尤其舱外活动件要在空间低温、交变温度、辐照、严重摩擦磨损和冷焊等苛刻环境下长期运转,其寿命与精度已成为航天器能否在轨长期服役的关键环节之一。锆及锆合金具有中子吸收截面小,良好的耐腐蚀和抗辐照特点,因此被广泛应用于核工业和化工业当中,其具有作为空间飞行器活动构件材料使用的发展潜力。但由于纯锆的抗拉强度较低,不能直接作为结构材料使用。实现强韧化并突破制备技术的瓶颈成为将其应用于空间活动构件的关键环节。本文从理论与实验两方面讨论了锆合金结构特点,成分设计与优化,组织性能关系等问题,针对空间活动构件的服役环境,提出了可作为空间活动构件使用的锆系合金材料的最佳体系与成分。

Spacemoving components especially extravehicuar parts require long-termoperatations in harsh environment under spacelow temperature, alternating tmperature, irradiation, severe frictional wear and cold welding, and the lifetime and precisionbecome one of the critical considerations determining whether the spacecrafts can serve long time in orbit. Zirconium （Zr） andZr alloys showmany desirable physicochemical properties, namely, small thermal neutron absorption cross-section, good corrosionresistance, excellent anti-irradiation, and so on. These materials have been widely used in the nuclear and chemical industries,which have the potential to be utilized in the moving components of spacecrafts. However, the tensile strength of pure Zr is low,it can not be used as structural materials directly. Therefore, strengthening and toughening of Zr and a breakthrough of preparationtechnology become the key link making it suitable in spacemoving components. The structural characteristics, composition designand optimization, relationship between structures and properties of Zr alloys are discussed both theoretically and experimentally,the best Zr alloy systerms and compostions for space moving components are presented according to the service envirements.