儿童少年期精神分裂症临床表现

Clinical features of children and juvenile schizophrenics

目的:探讨儿童少年期精神分裂症临床表现。方法:对65例住院的儿童少年期精神分裂症患儿的病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果:儿童少年期精神分裂症发病有随年龄增大而增多的趋势,14岁以下发病者就诊年龄与发病年龄相差较大。60%(39例)患儿为慢性起病。病前有个性缺陷者占74%(48例),发病早期有非特征性症状者占80%(52例),存在妄想(以关系、被害居多)者占71%(46例)。精神症状涉及性现象、幻想学习能力、经济状况等的发生率呈上升趋势。结论:儿童分裂症的发病随年龄增大而增多。疾病早期80%患儿存在非特征症状及性现象、幻想等精神症状是目前儿童少年期精神分裂症的特点之一;非经典抗精神病药可作为儿童少年精神分裂症的首选药物或"一线"药物。

Objective：To explore clinical features of children and juvenile schizophrenics. Methods：The data of 65 children and juvenile schizophrenia patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results：The development of children and juvenile schizophrenia in-creased with age. For those under 14 years old, there was a great difference between visiting age and onset age. 60% of 65 cases （39 cases） had a chronic onset, 74% （48 cases） had personality defects before the disease, 80% （52 cases） had uncharacteristic symp-toms at the early stage of the onset, and 71% （46 cases） had delusion （mostly relations, murdered）. The incidence of mental symp-toms involving sexual phenomenon, fantasy, learning ability, economic conditions and the like was rising. Conclusions：Schizophrenia in children is increased with age. At the early stage of the disease, 80% have the uncharacteristic symptoms, and mental symptom, such as sex fantasy and fantasy, is one of the characteristics of children and juvenile schizophrenia. The atypical antipsychotics can be used as the first-line drug of choice for schizophrenia in children and juveniles.