低温推进剂在轨贮存与管理技术研究

Research on On-orbit Storage and Management Technology of Cryogenic Propellant

低温推进剂由于其比冲高、无毒无污染,是载人和深空探测的首选推进剂。为解决空间恶劣的热环境和微重力环境下推进剂大量蒸发损耗及推进剂的气液两相混合等问题,以低温推进剂的在轨贮存与管理技术为研究对象,给出低温推进剂绝热的贮存方案和微重力气液分离的管理方案。并对其中的适用中短期任务的方案进行日蒸发率等指标核算,然后对方案中的热力学参数变化对系统方案中的蒸发量控制等影响进行讨论。最终给出针对载人登月等短期项目的低温推进剂在轨贮存与管理的推荐方案。

Because of the high specific impulse, nontoxic and unpolluted property, the cryogenic propellant is the first choice of the manned space flight or deep space exploration. To solve the prob- lems of boil - off in the adverse thermal environment and the gas - liquid mixing in the microgravity, the storage and management technology of cryogenic propellant on orbit was discussed in this paper. The system scheme of storage and management was introduced, and the parameters of daily evapora- tion rate were checked for the special case. Then the relationship between variation of the thermody- namic parameters and the system data was discussed. Finally, the optimal scheme for the storage and management of cryogenic propellant was proposed for the short duration exploration.