蒙古国西北部狼(Canis lupus)遗传多样性研究

Genetic diversities of wolves mtDNA D-loop in northwestern Mongolian

采用PCR和测序技术,分析了30只蒙古国西北部狼线粒体DNA（mt DNA）D-loop区519 bp核酸序列,基于mt DNA D-loop区序列对蒙古国狼和NCBI公布的其它狼种群进行系统树构建。结果显示：蒙古国狼存在7种单倍型,检测到29处变异位点,占所分析位点总数的4.9%,各单倍型间的遗传距离为0.006-0.024平均遗传距离是0.004±0.001。单倍型多样性为0.952±0.096,核苷酸多性为0.011 60±0.006 46。聚类分析表明,蒙古国狼分布在2个支系中,与中国新疆、内蒙古种群亲缘关系较近,与中国青海、西藏、喜马拉雅山脉种群的亲缘关系较远。蒙古国西北部狼种群具有比较丰富的遗传多样性,在进化的历史过程中受到其他狼种群的影响较大。中国青海、西藏、喜马拉雅山附近的狼种群应同属于一个群体,该研究为蒙古国乃其与我国毗邻区域狼的遗传多样性保护提供了理论依据。

Genetic diversities of mitochondrial DNA（ mtD NA） D-loop and maternal origin of northwestern M ongolian Canis lupus were investigated. Thirty 519 bp mtD NA D-loop sequences were analyzed by PCR and sequencing techniques,and the phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the mtD NA D-loop sequences of northwestern M ongolian Canis lupus samples and other wolves D-loop sequence available from NCBI. There were 7 unique haplotypes with 29 polymorphic sites in northwestern M ongolian Canis lupus,which account for 4. 9% of 519 bp sequence analyzed. The haplotype diversity（ h） and nucleotide diversity（ π） were 0. 952 ± 0. 096 and 0. 011 60 ± 0. 006 46,respectively. M oreover,northwestern M ongolian Canis lupus distributed in two branches,and are closely related to Xinjiang of China,Inner M ongolia of China,whereas they are less related to Qinghai of China,Tibet of China,and the Himalayan population.The northwest M ongolia Canis lupus have rather abundant genetic diversity and were greatly affected by other Canis lupus species in history. Qinghai of China,Tibet of China,and the Himalayan Canis lupus should belong to a group.