真丝/人丝交织物环保阻燃整理工艺研究

Study on Environmentally Friendly Flame-retardant Finishing Process for Real Silk/Rayon Intertexture

为提高丝织物的阻燃性能,以阻燃剂HFPO、交联剂ZS-1、催化剂C和柔软剂T为四因素对真丝/人丝交织物进行阻燃正交实验,考察阻燃整理后织物的炭长和游离甲醛含量,测试阻燃整理前后织物的物理机械性能,并对阻燃机理进行研究。实验表明：真丝/人丝交织物阻燃整理后可获得优异的阻燃效果;织物的炭长〉7cm,LOI〉33,游离甲醛含量〈20mg/kg,白度保持率88.6%,强力保持率达到90%,硬挺度增加5.6%,50次标准洗涤后LOI保持率在85%以上。其最佳工艺参数为：阻燃剂HFPO 300~350g/L、交联剂ZS-1 85g/L、催化剂C 50g/L、柔软剂T 15g/L。TG和DTG实验结果表明,阻燃整理后,纤维的分解温度降低,残渣增加,阻燃剂促进了纤维的催化脱水,改变了热分解历程,增加了难燃性固体炭,并且交联剂中的氮元素与阻燃剂中的磷元素,形成P-N协同效应,加速了织物的磷酰化反应,增加了磷酰化纤维的含量,提高织物的阻燃性能;扫描电镜照片显示,阻燃性织物燃烧后形成薄而致密、连续而平整的炭层,并很好地覆盖在织物表面,能阻止织物进一步燃烧,提高了织物的阻燃性能。

To improve the flame retardation of real silk fabrics, this paper conducts flame-retardant orthogonal experimental design for real silk/rayon intertexture with flame retardant HFPO, cross- linking agent ZS-1, catalyst C and softening agent T as four factors, investigates the carbon length and free formaldehyde content of fabrics after flame-retardant finishing, tests physical and mechanical properties of fabrics before and after flame-retardant finishing and studies flame-retardant mechanism. The experiment shows that real silk/rayon intertexture can obtain an excellent flame retardant effect after flame-retardant finishing： carbon length of fabric 〉7cm, LOI 〉33, free formaldehyde content 〈20 ppm, whiteness retention rate 88. 6%, strength retention rate 90%, stiffness increase 5.6% and LOI retention rate over 85% after standard washing for 50 times. Its optimal technological parameters： flame retardant HFPO 300~350 g/L, cross-linking agent ZS-1 85 g/L, catalyst C 50g/L and softening agent T 15 g/L. Results of TG and DTG experiments show that the decomposition temperature of fiber decreases and residues increase after flame-retardant finishing. Flame retardant promotes catalytic dehydration of fiber, changes thermal decomposition process and increases flame-retardant solid carbon. Nitrogena in cross-linking agent and phosphorus in flame retardant form P-N synergistic effect, accelerate phosphorylation reaction of fabrics, increase the content of phosphorylation fiber and improve flame retardancy of fabrics. Scanning electron micrograph shows that flame-retardant fabrics form a thin, compact, continuous and smooth carbon layer after combustion, which can cover fabric surface very well, prevent further combustion of fabrics and improve flame retardancy of fabrics.