11个山茶属植物种子性状及其成分研究

Study on Grain Traits and Composition on Seed of 11 Camellia Species

以11个山茶属植物种子为材料,分析其籽粒性状、脂肪酸组成及维生素E(VE)含量差异。结果表明,不同品种油茶籽千粒质量、种仁含油率、干籽出仁率和干籽含油率均存在极显著差异;干籽含油率最高值为浙江红花油茶,含油率为38.17%,最低为越南油茶,含油率为20.24%;不同种的主要脂肪酸组成基本一致,分别为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸,油酸含量最高的为怒江油茶;各主要脂肪酸存在一定的相关性,其中油酸与棕榈酸、亚油酸呈极显著的负相关,亚油酸与棕榈酸呈显著正相关。VE含量由高到低的排序分别为攸县油茶、腾冲红花油茶、宛田红花油茶、腾冲尿泡茶、怒江油茶、福建小果油茶、越南油茶、浙江红花油茶、溆浦大红山茶、广宁红花油茶和短柱茶,质量分数依次为243.00、202.23、178.47、145.80、145.00、142.20、127.33、105.03、99.32、87.03、20.21 mg/kg。

The seed of 11 Camellia plants were selected as material and their grain traits, fatty acid composi- tion and vitamin E content were studied in this paper. The results showed that the thousand seed weight, oil length of kernel, kernel percent of dry seed and oil length of dry seed on seed of Camellia species were different signifi- cantly. The oil length of dry seed in Camellia chekiangoleosa was highest,containing 38.17% ,and Camellia vietna- mensis was the least, containing 20.24%. The major fatty acid composition was same, which included oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. Among of them, oleic acid content of Camellia saluenensis was the highest. Moreover, the main fatty acid had some relationship, such as between oleic acid and linoleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid both had a significant negative correlation, but linoleic acid and palmitic acid had a signifi- cant positive correlation. The order of vitamin E content from high to low was Camellia yuhsienensis, Camellia reticu- late, Camellia polyodonta , Camellia reticulate, Camellia saluenensis , Camellia meiocarpa , Camellia vietnamensis , Ca- mellia ehekiangoleosa , Camellia magniflora , Camellia semiserrata and Camellia brevistyla , and the mass fraction were 243.00 mg/kg, 202.23 mg/kg, 178.47 mg/kg, 145.80 mg/kg, 145.00 mg/kg, 142.20 mg/kg, 127.33 mg/kg, 105.03 mg/kg,99.32 mg/kg,87.03 mg/kg and 20.21 mg/kg respectively.