大数据在城市规划中的应用:来自北京市城市规划设计研究院的思考与实践

Big Data Applications in Urban Planning:The Thinking and Practice from BICP

大数据是当前最热的话题之一,在城市规划及相关领域,一批城市规划、地理、计算机等学科的研究者开展了一系列基于大数据的城市研究,形成了当下的一股热潮,并迅速对城市规划产生了冲击,引起了规划行业的重视。本文分析了大数据之所以能够迅速对城市规划产生影响力的两个重要因素:开放数据运动和互联网——尤其是新浪微博上的规划圈,并通过一系列事件描述了大数据对城市规划产生影响的历程。尽管基于大数据的各类城市研究初具规模,但大数据在城市规划中的实际应用却很有限,本文分析了制约大数据在城市规划应用的几个主要原因,以及城市研究与城市规划的不同。最后本文从战略层、基础层、研究层、应用层四个方面介绍了北京市城市规划设计研究院在对大数据应用的相关问题进行分析之后所做的战略规划和实践案例。

Big data has been extensively discussed in urban planning and related fields in China. Considerable researchers from urban planning, geography, computer science and other disciplines have carried out a series of urban studies based on big data, which had an impact on urban planning via attracting the planners＇ attention. This paper analyzes two main factors to explain why big data could influence urban planning： the open data movement and the planner circle on internet - especially on Sina Weibo. Then the paper describes the history of big data＇s impact on urban planning through a series of events. Although several urban studies based on big data have emerged, the application based on big data in urban planning is very limited. This paper analyzes the main reasons that restrict big data applications in urban planning, and compares the difference between urban study and urban planning. Finally, based on the above thinking, the paper describes the big data strategic planning and applications of Beijing Institute of City Planning （BICP） from lbur aspects： strategy, base, research, and application.