荷兰国家基础设施与空间规划战略的评估与启示

The Evaluation of the National Policy Strategy for Infrastructure and Spatial Planning of the Netherlands and Its Enlightment

荷兰的空间规划作为公共政策的典型,其规划评估体系十分先进成熟,覆盖了规划的编制与运行的全过程。与此对照,我国城镇规划的实施评估刚刚起步,尚未形成连续动态的评估系统。本文介绍了荷兰于2012年出台的《国家基础设施与空间规划战略》的制定过程,并对其实施前后的规划评估体系进行了深入研究,重点评述了实施前评估中的预评估和战略环评的内容、方法及程序,探讨了各阶段评估的意义及对规划的影响,并对我国规划评估机制的完善提出若干建议。

As a typical component of public policies, spatial planning in the Netherlands is supported by an advanced and mature evaluation system, which covers the entire process from making the plan to its implementation. In contract, China has just established the requirement of ex-post evaluation of urban planning, waiting for a continuous and dynamic planning evaluation system to be built in the future. This paper introduces the 2012 National Policy Strategy for Infrastructure and Spatial Planning of the Netherlands, and makes in-depth study on its ex-ante and ex-post evaluation system. The discussions are focused on the ex-ante evaluation and strategic environmental impact assessment before the enactment of the Strategy, including the evaluation contents, methods and procedures. The significance of the evaluations at different stages, as well as their influence on planning is also explored. The paper concludes with suggestions to improve the mechanism of planning evaluation in China.