内蒙古西部地区育龄妇女对出生缺陷知识认知程度分析

Analysis of awareness for birth defects in women of at childbearing age in the western region of Inner Mongolia

目的通过对内蒙古西部地区的育龄妇女的出生缺陷知识知晓情况的调查，为出生缺陷干预工作和探索如何提高育龄妇女出生缺陷知识水平提供依据。方法2009年5～8月在内蒙古自治区4个盟市进行多阶段抽样，对育龄妇女进行问卷调查。调查内容包括一般人口学信息和出生缺陷认知情况，计算认知比例及认知得分，采用秩和检验进行组间比较。结果1380名被调查者中，〉90．0％的育龄妇女认为孕妇吸烟、饮酒影响胎儿的发育；〉70．0％认为农药、化肥等有害物对胎儿发育有影响：仅60．O％的妇女认为饲养宠物或减肥对胎儿有影响。文化程度、生育情况、年龄、家庭收入因素对出生缺陷知识认知有影响（P〈0．01）。在未孕的育龄妇女150人中，有85．3％愿意接受优生方面的咨询；同时84．7％愿意进行优生实验室检测；79．3％愿意购买叶酸。结论内蒙古西部地区育龄妇女的出生缺陷认知水平偏低，影响认识水平的因素包括文化程度、生育情况、年龄、家庭收入，进一步提高育龄妇女，尤其是未孕、文化程度较低、年轻、家庭收入较低的妇女对出生缺陷知识的认知水平。

Objective to provide the scientific basis for preventing birth defects and improving the awareness of birth defects in the women of childbearing age by conducting the survey in women in the western region of Inner Mongolia to. Methods： From May to August in 2009, survey was conducted in women of childbearing age by multistage sampling in 4 cities in Inner. Methods Survey included demographic information and awareness for birth defects. Rank sum test was used to compare the difference of score. Results Among 1 380 women, above 90.0% of all women thought that maternal smoking and drinking affected fetus. More than 70.0% of women were aware of the danger of pesticide, fertilizer and other to fetuses. Only 60.0% of women thought pets or losing weight would affected fetus. Awareness of birth defects was related with degree of education, fertility, age and income （P〈0.01）. In 150 people of women in childbearing age, 85.3% of those were willing to accept the consultation to healthy birth, 84.7% of those willing to eugenics laboratory tests and 79.3% of those willing to buy folic acid. Conclusions Women of childbearing age in the western region of Inner Mongolia have low level of awareness of birth defects, which are affected by degree of education, fertility, age and income. In the future, it is important to improving the awareness in women of childbearing age, especially non-pregnant, low education, young women from low income families.