北京市平谷区27所小学儿童生活方式与营养知识调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the life style and nutrition knowledge of children among 27 primary schools in Pinggu District of Beijing

目的 了解北京市平谷区小学生生活方式及营养知识知晓现状,以便针对性的给予教育和指导.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,抽取北京市平谷区15 118名7～13岁小学生进行问卷调查.问卷参照国内相关资料设计,内容包括一般资料、营养知识知晓率,膳食习惯及运动睡眠习惯等.将1～3年级定义为低年级组,4～6年级定义为高年级组;按照与平谷区城镇中心的距离将所有小学生分为城镇组和农村组.采用Excel2003建立数据库,使用SPSS13.0统计学软件进行统计学分析,对计数资料进行χ2检验.结果 回收问卷13 192张,回收率87.26％,有效问卷11 364张,有效应答率75.17％.对“水果蔬菜富含的主要营养素”、“富含钙的食品”、“富含蛋白质的食品”、“引起营养性贫血的主要原因”等营养知识的知晓率相对较低,分别为58.33％,62.72％,58.83％,43.18％;对“膳食与健康的关系”、“肥胖有害健康”、“过量饮酒有害”、“过多摄入食盐有害”四个问题的知晓率相对较高,分别为88.82％,92.33％,94.27％,83.74％,经过对不同性别、不同年级和不同地区的学生知晓率比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.对“膳食宝塔是什么”的知晓率为18.77％,不同性别、不同年级的学生比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.膳食习惯调查问卷中：不吃或偶尔吃早餐的学生人数占14.84％;三餐不规律者占14.46％;不喜欢吃粗粮、蔬菜和水果的儿童分别占18.59％,21.61％,4.23％;不喜欢喝牛奶和不喜欢进食豆制品的比例较高,分别占38.52％和60.17％;同时对不同性别、不同年级、不同地区进行比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.运动睡眠习惯调查问卷中：课余喜欢散步、打球、爬山等放松方式的学生占59.94％,每天运动30 min以上者占40.99％,骑车或步行上学的占51.14％,每天睡眠时间保持9～10h的占84.86％,不同性别、地区及年级间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 本地区小学儿童营养知识欠缺,存在不良膳食、运动习惯,应进行针对性的营养健康教育.

Objective To study the life style and the status of nutrition knowledge for the children of Pinggu district of Beijing,and to provide evidences for targeted education and guidance.Method Using cluster sampling method,15 118 pupils aged 7-13 yeas in Pinggu district of Beijing were investigated for their nutrition knowledge,sports and diet habits using the questionnaire investigation method.The children at grades 1-3 were defined as the junior group,those at grades 4-6 were defined as the senior group,all pupils were divided into urban and rural groups according to the distance to pinggu district town center.The Excel 2003 was used for databases.The status was analysed using SPSS13.0 statistical software.Chi-square test wcs used for comparing categorical data.Result Totally 13 192 questionnaires were returned,accouting for 87.26%; 11 364 of them were valid,accouting for 75.17%.The awareness rates about ＂the fruits and vegetables which are rich in nutrients＂,＂the food rich in calcium＂,＂the food rich in protein＂,＂nutrient deficiency anemia＂ was relatively low,they were respectively 58.33%,62.72%,58.83%,43.18%; the awareness rates on ＂the relationship between diet and health＂,＂effects of obesity on the health＂,＂excessive dringking is harmful＂ and ＂eating more salt was harmful＂,were relatively high：88.82%,92.33%,94.27%,and 83.74%,the differences between gender,grade,area and students＇ awareness of the comparison,were statistically significant （P〈0.05）.The awareness rate of the question about ＂what is dietary pyramid＂ was 18.77%,the differences between different gender and grade were statistically significant （P〈 0.01）.The questionnaire of eating habits：the students who do not or occasionally have breakfast accounted for 14.84%; the rate of three meals which were irregular accounted for 14.46%; children who do not like to eat grains,vegetables and fruit,respectively accounted for 18.59%,21.61%,4.23%; the number of children who do not like to drink milk and eat soy products was high,the proportion was 38.52% and 60.17%.At the same time the differences in time between sex,grade,areas,were statistically significant （P〈0.05）.The questionnaire about movement and sleeping habits：the students who like walking,playing,climbing and other way to relax after class accouted for 59.94%,the exercise time was 30 minutes or more accounted for 40.99%,51.14%; students who ride bike or walk to school,children who ensure 9-10 hours for sleeping every day accounted for 84.86%,differences between different sex,area and grade were statistically significant （P〈0.01）.Conclusion The children in this district generally had lack of the nutrition knowledge.There were many bad diet habits,while sport habits were also poor.In order to improve diet and sport habits of rural school children,we should do targeted nutrition and health education to children.