高海拔下柴油机燃用含氧燃料的试验研究

Study on the Performances of Diesel Engine Fueled with Oxygenated Fuel at High Altitude

为解决高海拔地区因缺氧和燃料燃烧不完全造成的发动机动力下降和燃油消耗率增加的问题,将生物柴油以不同体积分数(5%,10%)掺混到柴油中进行发动机台架试验。通过控制发动机进气压力模拟高海拔条件下含氧燃料的燃烧,考察平原和海拔3 000 m地区不同掺混比例的含氧燃料对发动机性能的影响。结果表明:在平原燃用含氧燃料,发动机功率较燃用纯柴油有所降低,且降幅随生物柴油添加量的增加而增大,同时燃油消耗率上升;在海拔3 000 m地区燃用含氧燃料,发动机功率较燃用纯柴油有所增加,且燃油消耗率下降;不管是在平原还是在海拔3 000 m地区,燃用含氧燃料均能够显著降低HC、CO和碳烟排放,但NOx排放有所增加。

To resolve the problem of decrease in power and increase in fuel consumption of diesel engine in high altitude areadue to lack of oxygen and insufficient combustion, the engine bench test was carried out with diesel fuels mixed with bio-diesel ofdifferent proportions （5%, 10%）. By controlling the inlet pressure of the engine to simulate the operating conditions at the altitude of3 000 m, the influence of oxygenated fuel on engine performance was studied. Results show that the engine power with oxygenatedfuel is somewhat lower than that with pure diesel in plain areas, the power decreases more with the increase of bio-diesel content,and the fuel consumption rate increases. However, at the altitude of 3 000 m, the engine power with oxygenated fuel is higher thanthat with pure diesel, and the fuel consumption rate decreases. In addition, in the above two areas, the emission of HC, CO and sootwith oxygenated fuel gets a significant reduction, but the NOx emission rises slightly.