信任倾向和面孔可信度对小学儿童信任判断的影响

The Influence of Trust Propensity and Facial Trustworthiness to Children's Trust Judgment

该研究考察了7、9、11岁小学儿童对陌生人信任判断的发展特点,以及信任方的信任倾向和被信任方的面孔可信度在儿童信任判断中的作用特点及其发展特征。结果发现:(1)7、9、11岁小学儿童基于面孔对陌生他人进行的信任判断中,9、11岁儿童的信任水平要高于7岁儿童;(2)在信任判断中,陌生交往者的面孔可信度对7、9和11岁儿童的信任判断都具有显著的影响作用,即相对于具有不可信面孔的陌生人,儿童更愿意相信具有可信面孔的陌生人;此外,信任倾向对于信任判断的影响作用则存在一定的年龄间差异,7岁儿童的信任倾向对信任判断无影响,9和11岁儿童的信任倾向正向预测儿童对陌生人的信任水平,即相对于信任倾向低的儿童,信任倾向高的儿童对陌生人的信任水平也越高;(3)被信任方的面孔可信度在小学儿童信任判断中的影响作用要大于儿童自身的信任倾向的影响作用。这些结果表明儿童对他人的信任水平随着年龄的增长而提高;对于陌生人,小学儿童主要依据被信任方相关的可信特征线索做出相应的信任判断。

The present study investigated the development of 7-, 9- and ll-year-olds＇ trust judgments on strangers, and the contributions of children＇s trust propensity and strangers＇ facial trustworthiness to trust judgments. The results showed that： （ 1 ） Children＇ s trust levels of the strangers were higher in the 9- and l 1-year-old groups than in the 7-year-old group. （2） The facial trustworthiness was a significant predictor of the trust judgment in all children, that is, the more trustworthy the strangers＇ face, the higher the children＇ s trust judgment scores. Additionally, 9- and 11-year-olds＇ trust propensity positively predicted the trust judgment scores, that is, the higher the children＇s trust propensity, the higher the children＇ s trust judgment scores; however, the 7-yearolds＇ trust propensity had no impact on their trust judgments. （ 3 ） Strangers ＇ facial trustworthiness played a larger role than children＇ s trust propensity in the trust judgment. These findings revealed that the primary school children＇ s trust level of strangers increased with age, and their trust judgments were mainly based on trustee＇ s trustworthy characteristics.