健全人对残疾人的内隐认知评价及其可塑性——基于文本阅读的间接接触的启动效应

Non-Disables' Implicit Cognitive Evaluation towards Disabled Persons and it's Plasticity:The Priming Effects of Indirect Contact Based on Text Reading

以大学生为被试,采用IAT范式,通过两项实验探讨了健全人对残疾人行为的内隐认知评价及其可塑性问题。其中,实验1基于对残疾人和健全人图片以及表征残疾人行为特质结构的分析及其标定词筛选,考察了对残疾人行为特征的内隐认知评价特性。实验2以镶嵌残疾人图片的正性行为描述性信息为文本阅读材料,采用概念启动范式,考察了健全人对残疾人行为的内隐认知评价特性的可塑性。结果发现:(1)被试对残疾人持显著的内隐负性认知评价(实验1);(2)阅读残疾人正性行为描述性材料可显著减弱该认知评价(实验2)。因此,创造条件鼓励残疾人尽力发挥其积极的社会功能,引导和塑造其身残志不残的品质,有助于改善健全人对该类人群的内隐认知偏见。

The present study chose twenty photographs descri- bing physically normal and disabled people（ 10 normal ＆ 10 disabled） as category stimuli and ten adjective words characterizing individuals＇ behavior （5 positive ＆ 5 negative） as attribute stimuli to explore public＇s cognitive evaluation towards the disabled persons （experiment 1 ） and the priming effect by the disabled persons＇ positive behavior information （ experiment 2）. Results revealed ： firstly, participants demonstrated significantly higher level of implicit negative evaluations towards the disabled persons; secondly, positive information about disabled persons negatively primed on implicit negative evaluations towards the disabled. These results suggest that the public hold generally implicit negative bias towards the disabled, nonetheless disabled persons＇ own positive behavior may improve such an attitude.