社会记忆与蒋介石形象的塑造：1949~2014

Social Memory and Deconstruction of Chiang Kai-shek's Image:1949—2014

对人们关于特定历史人物或事件记忆的研究,可以洞察这一特定历史人物或事件背后的社会、历史、文化脉络变迁轨迹。蒋介石这一人物形象伴随着新中国成立以来的各个历史阶段,在人们心中呈现出不一样的记忆版本。本文试图对社会记忆理论的理论谱系及其核心意涵进行梳理,作为分析当代人们关于蒋介石这一特定历史人物不同社会记忆的分析视角,通过定性研究方法,对蒋介石故居浙江省奉化市溪口镇进行田野调查及文献资料,旨在展示人们对1949年以来不同时期的蒋介石形象进行展示,分析了在全球化、市场化、现代化和台海关系发展的背景下,研究蒋介石如何在不同时期被塑造成为各具特色的人物及其背后的历史、社会因素。研究表明,蒋介石形象变迁这一个案生动地向我们展示了社会记忆在不同社会情境下被建构的过程,国家的政治旨趣和社会成员的个人遭遇都被卷入其中,使其成为工具化的一种手段随着时间的流走而变化。

This paper is about the public image of Chiang Kai-shek,who served as Generalissimo of the National Government of the Republic of China （ROC） from 1928 to 1948. His images vary during different periods of time in China's Mainland. For many years the mass media of China's Mainland portrayed him negatively. However, the portrayal of Chiang Kai-shek improved gradually. The goal of this paper is to study the factors that brought this change. The paper will use social memory as a heuristic investigative tool to understand the factors that brought the change of Chiang Kai-shek＇s image. Furthermore,the paper contends that the ideology of the state will influence the content of social memory. The research is based on interviews conducted in China's Mainland in the June and July of 2008 in the hometown of Chiang Kai-shek. The dramatic changes in Chiang Kai-shek＇s portrayals vividly show how social memory is constructed, deconstructed and influenced by the prevailing political and social contacts.