雅语、俏语的流行与早期戏剧语言风格之形成

Popularity of Euphemism and Witty Remark and the Formation of the Style of Early Drama Language

在宋、金杂剧中,出现了许多以诙谐的对话或利捷的口辩为主体的语言类技艺。就唐、宋文献所载而论,雅语的表述,大致可以分作如下几种类型:一是口语调侃,二是以诗讥诮,三是借诗述事,四是以谜增趣。唐、宋雅语、俗语的互渗,对戏曲语言风格的形成产生重要影响,其主要特征如下:首先是下语简洁,寓意深刻,且比较生活化;其次是语言富有机趣;再次是诗与故事互融,语句带有很强的行动性。雅语、俏语、俗语的大量流行,对戏曲语言的成熟,尤其是登场人物对白之风格的形成,无疑起到积极的促进作用。

In the zaju of the Song and Jin dynasties, there are many language skills with witty dialogue or arguments. In the literature of the Tang and Song dynasties, the expression of euphemism can be roughly divided into the following types： ridicule, sarcastic poem, narrative poem and interesting riddle. The mutual infiltration between euphemism and sayings influences the formation of the drama language style. First, the language is simple and related to daily life with profound meaning; secondly, the language is interesting; thirdly, the poetry is combined with stories, and the movement of the language is enhanced. The great popularity of euphemisms, witty remark and sayings plays a positive role in promoting the maturity of drama language, especially the style of characters’ dialogue.