从适应到征服:资本主义东亚扩张的轨迹——以英国对清代中国的殖民贸易为例

Capitalist expansion over the east Asia—— British colonial trade with Qing dynasty

资本主义的崛起,与其在世界范围内的殖民密不可分。获取巨额利润始终是殖民者对外关系的终极目标与利益准则。殖民者的主观愿望和被殖民地的客观现实条件制约甚至决定着帝国主义的侵略方式与特性。以英国对清代中国的殖民贸易为例,由于中国在东亚朝贡体系中的地位和影响,以及清政府对外贸易政策的调整,英国对中国的殖民与侵略经历了"被动适应——积极调适——武力征服"的历程。

The rise of the capitalism cannot be separated from worldwide colonization where the colonialists aim at maximal benefits and interests.The colonial desires and and conditions of the colonized determine the ways of aggression of the imperialists.This paper discusses the mode of the British colonial expansion over the Chinese Qing dynasty,passive adaptation—active adaptation—military conquest.