唐五代禅僧的行脚游方类型及其文化意义——以《祖堂集》《景德传灯录》为中心

The Types of Zen Monks' Travel and Its Cultural Significance in Tang and Five Dynasties

唐五代是禅宗发展的兴盛时期,禅僧秉承了佛教僧侣行脚游方的优良传统,不同禅系的僧人外出游方,相互参学问法,勘验禅机,佛家禅法由此得到了广泛的传播和交流。这对于提高僧人的禅学修养,推动禅宗的兴盛发展,也有着不可低估的意义。禅僧的行脚游方,促进了我国不同地区之间甚至国内外的文化交流。而对修禅者来说,行脚游方究竟只是形式,悟道的根本终在自心。禅门内部后来还出现了盲目游方参禅的积弊,由此也导致禅宗走向了堕落和衰弱。临济义玄、云门文偃等禅师对此都提出了批评。

Following the Buddhist tradition,Zen monks in the Tang and Five Dynasties often traveled to learn from other monks to improve themselves. This type of travel not only spread Zen culture to other areas and even other countries,but also improved self- cultivation of the monks. Yet travle itself made many monks stick to the form,forgeting its purposes,thus led the Zen school to its gradual fall and decline,as was criticized by some famous monks at that time.