中国制造业企业全要素生产率研究

Study on the Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

本文首先依托1998-2009年中国工业企业数据库,从构建面板数据、资本变量处理、价格指数处理等方面全面规范整理该数据库,并基于OP、LP等方法计算企业层面全要素生产率,详细考察中国制造业企业全要素生产率的动态变迁;接下来以企业全要素生产率为基础,从资源配置效率的角度讨论经济结构转型问题;最后从国有企业改革角度讨论影响资源配置效率的因素。研究发现:(1)中国制造业整体全要素生产率增长速度在2%一6%之间,年均增长3.83%,增速存在较大的波动;(2)制造业生产率增长的来源更多是企业成长,其增长的空间在不断缩小,亟待依托资源配置效率改善的新的增长模式;(3)不同所有制类型企业的效率差异较大,即使在"抓大放小"和资源倾斜的背景下,国有企业表现还是最差,投资效率比民营企业低43%,国企改革是改善资源配置效率、实现可持续性内生增长的关键。

Based on the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms in China during 1998--2009, this paper studies on the dynamic changes of Chinese manufacturing enterprises in TFP. We first cleanup the database by constructing a panel data, processing capital and investment variables, and building input and output price indices, and then calculate TFP from the firm level in term of OP method and LP method. On the base of the calculation of TFPs, we further analyze China＇s economic restructuring issues from the aspect of resource allocation efficiency and explore factors affecting the efficiency of resource allocation according to ownership of the firms. We draw the following conclusions. First, on the whole, TFP of Chinese industrial firms grows relatively stable and shows a slightly declining trend. TFP growth rate of Chinese industrial firms is during 2%-5% , and average annual growth rate is about 3.83%. Second, the development of the firms is the main source of the TFP growth, while the space of further growth is shrinking, thus a new growth model relying on the improvement of resource allocation efficiency is required in order to promote the development of Chinese firms. Third, efficient of firms differs as the ownership of firms varies. Among all the firms, SOEs are the most inefficient, and efficiency of them is 43% lower than that of private firms, which shows that SOE reform is the key to improving the efficiency of resource allocation and to achieving endogenous growth.