中国工业环境效率及其空间差异的收敛性

Convergence in Spatial Difference of Industrial Environmental Efficiency in China

本文利用超效率数据包络分析方法,基于可持续发展工商理事会(WBCSD)的环境效率概念,构建了工业环境效率评价模型,分析了中国286个地级城市在2005-2010年间的工业环境效率的变化轨迹,基于此,利用变异系数和面板数据估计模型,分别对全国以及东、中、西部地区环境效率的空间差异的收敛性及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:在2005-2010年间,中国工业环境效率总体上有所降低,且基本呈现东高西低的空间格局,其中,东部地区的工业环境效率高于全国平均水平,但呈现逐年下降的趋势,中、西部地区的环境效率均低于全国平均水平,但呈现缓慢增长的趋势。中国以及东、中、西部地区工业环境效率的空间差异既存在绝对收敛,即:工业环境效率的空间差异随着时间尺的推移呈现逐渐缩小的趋势;也存在明显的东、中、西地理空间和高、中、低收入水平俱乐部收敛特征;还存在条件收敛特征,即:存在环境效率水平落后地区对发达地区的"追赶效应",城市规模、经济水平、财政能力和工业外向度对全国尺度环境效率的空间收敛过程具有促进作用,而工业增长能力则相反;不同区域的不同控制变量对环境效率的影响作用不同,城市规模、经济水平、财政能力对东部地区环境效率改善及其在区域间的收敛过程具有明显的促进作用;而中部地区城市规模、财政能力、工业增长能力与其工业环境效率之间存在明显的负向关系。城市经济水平、工业外向度则表现出促进作用;西部地区城市规模、经济水平与环境效率之间存在显著的正向关系。

Based on the definition of environmental efficiency （EE） raised by WBSCD, the paper computed the industrial environmental efficiency of 286 prefecture-level cities in China by using super-efficiency DEA model. And then, ct, 13and club convergence of industrial environmental efficiency in China as a whole, Eastern China, Central China and Western China is evaluated respectively using panel data analysis method. The results indicates that the industrial environmental efficiency of cities show apparent c~ and 13 absolute convergence, namely, the spatial disparity of industrial environmental efficiency is reducing. The cities located in Eastern, Central and Western China and the low-income, middle-income and high-income cities tend to form clubs of convergence respectively. Meanwhile, the industrial environmental efficiency of urban presents 13 conditional convergence, i. e. , the cities with low industrial environmental efficiency appear to catch up the cities with high efficiency, and the different control variables in various regions have different effects on industrial environmental efficiency changes. For China as a whole, it appears to be significant positive relationship between industrial environmental efficiency and urban scale, economic growth, fiscal capability, industrial extraversion, but significant inverse relationship between industrial environmental efficiency and industrial quality. For the eastern China, the relationship between industrial environmental efficiency and urban scale, economic growth, fiscal capability is positive; for the central China, it appears to be significant negative relationship between industrial environmental efficiency and urban scale, fiscal capability, industrial development quality, but positive relationship between industrial environmental efficiency and economic growth, industrial extraversion; for the western China, it appears to be significant positive relationship between industrial environmental efficiency and urban scale, economic growth.