中国城市群城市化效率及影响因素研究

Study on the Urbanization Efficiency and Determinants of China's Urban Agglomerations

本文根据2003-2011年中国22个城市群城市化"投入"与"产出"数据,利用SBM方向性距离函数和Luenberger生产率指数模型,测度各城市群的城市化效率和城市化全要素生产率;利用Tobit回归模型对城市群城市化效率的影响因素进行实证检验。研究结果显示:忽略污染排放的城市化效率测度往往会高估城市化的真实效率水平;中国城市群城市化效率总体偏低,主要成因是要素资源投入冗余和污染排放过量;22个城市群在城市化效率水平、效率损失来源及城市化全要素生产率等方面存在显著差异;中国城市群城市化全要素生产率不断增长主要是由于技术进步而非效率改善的推动;产业结构和技术进步对中国城市群城市化效率具有显著影响。要进一步提升中国城市群城市化效率,必须坚持生态城市化理念,充分考量资源约束和环境消耗,走集约型城市化道路;不断优化城市群产业结构和空间布局,促进劳动地域合理分工和产业转型升级;重视创新环境培育,提高城市群创新能力;因地制宜、因势利导,采取差异化的城市化效率提升措施。

This paper, using the urbanization-issued input and output data of China＇s 22 urban agglomerations from 2003 to 2011, applies SBM directional distance function and Luenberger productivity indicator to measure the efficiencies of urbanization and TFP growth of each urban agglomeration, and by using the Tobit regression model we empirically examine the determinants of urbanization efficiency of China＇s urban agglomeration. It draws the following conclusions ： The measurement of urbanization efficiency which ignores pollution emissions always overestimates the actual level of urbanization efficiency. Owing to the redundancy of resource elements and the excessive discharge of pollutions, the average of urbanization efficiency of China＇s 22 urban agglomerations is relatively low. There are many notable differences in regard to the sources of efficiency loss and the TFP of urbanization among China＇s 22 urban agglomerations in urbanization efficiency. The pure technical progress, rather than the efficiency improvement, is the dominant factor that promotes the increase of the TFP of urbanization in China＇s urban agglomerations. Industrial structure and technological progress both have a significant effect the urbanization efficiency of Cbina＇s urban agglomerations. In order to improve the urbanization efficiency of China＇s urban agglomerations, we must take account of the constraints of resource and environment, adhere to the concept of ecological urbanization, and explore the path for intensive urbanization ; We should also promote the optimization of industrial structure and spatial layout, and pay attention to the cultivation of environment for innovation and improvement of the innovational ability of China＇s urban agglomerations. Besides, different measures should be implemented in line with local conditions.