基于偏好结构和优先权的流域水资源配置

Allocation of Water Resource in Watershed Based on Structure of Priority and Preference

本文以基于优先权的资源配置的特征——对资源的竞争性为视角,提出了资源偏好结构的一致性和差异性的概念,并用一致性优先权取代先前文献所用的(非)循环优先权的定义,研究了在环形优先权和一致性优先权结构下,偏好结构的一致性对配置绩效及配置结果的影响。有限的资源数量与一致性的偏好是资源竞争的原因。在完全信息环境中,在偏好一致性的条件下,基于优先权基础的资源配置问题的配置结果取决于优先权结构,一致性的优先权结构是保证配置公平性前提。流域水市场的参与者对水资源具有一致性的偏好结构,流域水资源的配置是一典型的竞争性资源配置问题。同时,合同匹配理论的发展给出了一条新的讨论流域水资源配置问题的思路。我们能期望依托于合同匹配理论的框架来设计流域水市场的制度体系。流域水资源的交易存在外部性与公共物品性,这种外部性呈现一定的空间格局。在环境意识觉醒和存在一致性社会性偏好条件下,外部性效应会反映在交易者的效用函数中,我们通过交易机制设计,让交易者的社会性偏好得以表达,以实现流域水资源的社会最优配置。

According to basic characteristics of allocation problem based on priority ： competitive resource, the concepts of consistency and difference of preference are proposed in this paper and the first one replace the previous concept of circulation of preference. We study the impact of the consistency of priority structure on the outcome of resource allocation. The limited number of resources and consistency of the preference are the causes of resource competition. Under condition of consistency of preference, in perfect information environment, the outcome of resource allocation depends on structure of priority, and the consistency of priority structure is a necessary condition to ensure fairness of resource allocation. The preference structure of agent in water market of watershed on water resource is of consistency, water resource allocation in watershed is competitive. Meanwhile, the development of contract matching theory makes another possible way to study allocation of water in river basin. We expect that water market can be designed based on contract matching theory. Water trading of watershed has the problems of externalities and public goods nature. The externalities present certain spatial patterns. Under condition of consistency of preference, the external effect will be reflected in the utility function of the trader. Through designing the water market, the preference of traders can be expressed and the best water resource allocation in watershed can be achieved.