人的奴役与自由——别尔嘉耶夫“个体人格”理论解读

Slavery and Freedom of Human: Interpreting of Berdyaev's“Individual Personality”Theory

人即个体人格,人的问题就是个体人格问题。每个人都有权拥有个体人格,个体人格即自由。个体人格不是自然形成的,它需要建构。个体生活于社会,个体的社会化即客体化、外化和异化,亦即奴役化。个体不应屈从于社会,而是需要沿着超越的道路,在精神上与上帝交会,由上帝充当"他者",才能实现精神的超越和提升,摆脱奴役和痛苦获得自由,成就个体人格。

The person is individual personality, the problem of person is the problem of individ- ual personality. Everyone has the right of individual personality, individual personality is freedom. Personality is not formed naturally, it needs to construct. The individual life in society, the individual socialization is objectification, externalization and alienation, that is serfdom. Individuals should not succumb to social need, but along the road intersection and beyond, intersection with God in spirit, by God as ＂the other＂, transcend and ascend to the realization of the spirit, from bondage and pain free, achieve individual personality.