大科学工程中政府角色及其作用机理研究——基于5个大科学工程案例

The Role of Government and Its Function Mechanisms at Big Science Projects

大科学工程的成功离不开政府的积极参与。通过对中国"原子弹制造工程"、"载人航天工程"及美国"曼哈顿工程"、"阿波罗工程"、"人类基因组工程"5个典型案例的系统研究发现,政府主要通过决策者—决策机制—国家重大战略需求、启动者—资源聚集机制和机构筹建机制—承接机构、协调者—协调机制—凝聚力和竞争力、评估者—评估机制—资料信息,即4R-5M-5P模型,既分重点又兼全局地作用于大科学工程的实施过程。这些机制可为中国政府参与大科学工程提供有益启示。

The success of big science projects is relationship with the active participation of government. By systematically studing and researching five typical cases ： China＇s ＂Atomic Bomb Manufacturing Project＂, ＂Manned Space Flight Project＂ and America＇s ＂Manhattan Project,＂ ＂Apollo project＂, ＂Human Genome Project＂, we find that government apply 4R-SM- 5P model to earring our big science projects, which is composed of policymaker-making mechanism-national major strategic needs, the initiator-resource gathering mechanism and institutions building mechanism-undertaking institution, coordina- tor-coordination mechanism-cohesion and competitiveness, assessor-assessment mechanism-data and information. This is expanding, enriching the existing literatures in the field not only, but also providing enlightenment for our government to participate in big science projects.