北京市不同社区居民通勤行为分析

Analysis of the Residents Commuting Behavior in Different Communities in Beijing City

近年来北京市社会经济和城市建设取得了重大的成就,但是交通拥堵、居住地和工作地分离、过度通勤等问题也极大地影响了城市的可持续发展,通勤行为研究对理解城市结构、合理规划城市空间布局具有重要作用。以北京市政策性住房、胡同社区、单位社区和商品房四类居住区居民为对象,通过2012年城市居民职住分离抽样调查问卷获取了不同社区居民的居住地和工作地、通勤行为及居住满意度等基本数据,运用统计分析和地理信息系统技术对这些特征进行综合分析,试图理解社会极化加剧背景下不同社区居民通勤行为差异,丰富城市地理研究内容。结果发现:不同社区居民通勤行为存在着显著的差异;四类社区中政策性住房居民平均通勤时间最长为50.4 min(标准差24.7 min),单位社区居民平均通勤时间最短为33.6 min(标准差20.3 min);不同社区居民的通勤工具选择也明显不同,反映出居民社会经济属性差异是通勤行为差异的重要因素。

In recent years, the social economy and urban construction of Beijing has made great achievements, however, the traffic jam, the Separation of the place of residence and working, and excessive commuting have influenced the sustainable development of the city. So the studies of the commuting behavior play an important role in rational planning of urban spatial layout. Taking policy housing, Hutong communities, unit community and commercial residential building as study object, the thesis obtained the data such as the place of residence, work- place, commuting behavior, and residential satisfaction from the ＂separation of the place residence and working of urban residents sampling questionnaire in 2012＂ , through the comprehensive analysis of the data by statistical analysis and geography information systems, the study found the significant difference of residents commuting behavior under different communities. Under the four types of communities, the average commuting time of policy housing for the longest is 50.4 minutes （ standard deviation ： 24.7 minutes）, the average commuting time of unit community for the shortest is 33.6 minutes （standard deviation： 20.3 minutes）. The transport options are different obviously in different communities which reflects that the differences in the social and economic attributes of residents is one of the important factors to affect commuting behavior.