农村居民点用地集约利用评价——以北京市门头沟区为例

Evaluation on Intensive Use of Rural Residential Land: A Case Study of Mentougou District in Beijing City

探讨了农村居民点用地集约利用内涵,从投入强度、使用强度、经济效益以及布局效应4个方面选取18个单项指标构建农村居民点用地集约利用评价指标体系。在农村居民点用地集约利用评价存在区域差异性的前提下,采用层次分析法、自然间断点分级法和多因素综合法分析评价北京市门头沟区农村居民点用地的集约利用水平。区位因素以及规划战略定位是影响农村居民点用地投入强度的最重要因素,投入强度大的乡镇中企业用地、基础服务设施用地比例偏高;邻近镇中心区的农村居民点用地使用强度大,使用强度最大的乡镇为研究区土地利用战略规划的次中心;通过发展第三产业所带来的收入差距更明显。在布局效应方面农村居民点用地多样性指标差异最显著,近市区农村居民点用地没有与城市发展融为一体。在综合集约利用方面,门头沟区137个农村居民点中非集约、低度集约、中度集约和高度集约的农村居民点的比例分别为18.25%,27.01%,28.47%,26.28%,集约利用评价平均分值分别为45.09,51.70,58.07,65.03。区位和经济因素是影响农村居民点用地集约利用程度的关键因素,在空间分布上,邻近新城和各镇中心区的农村居民点在投入强度、使用强度和经济效益方面均表现出较高的集约性,而布局效应不具有类似分布规律。城乡一体化并非城乡一样化,农村居民点用地实现集约利用具有多种途径。

The connotation of intensive utilization of rural residential land was discussed in this paper. 18 individual indicators selected from the input-intensity, service strength, economic benefits, as well as the arrangement effects have been constructed the evaluation index system of intensive use of rural residential land. Based on the premise of the different aspects on the evaluation of intensive use of rural residential land should be emphasized in different evaluation area, the evaluation methods of analytic hierarchy process（ AHP）, the natural discontinuity points classification and multi-factors were used, this article analyzed and evaluated the degree of intensive use of rural resi-dential land in Mentougou District of Beijing. Location and strategic orientation in land use planning are the key factors to the input-intensity of rural residential land, the proportion of industrial land and public service facilities is higher in the level of high input-intensity township; rural residential land with high degree service strength mainly locate near the center of its township, the township with maximum level of service strength is the west development centre in the land use planning of the study area; income from the tertiary industry is more obvious ; The diversity indicator is more useful to characterize the significant difference in the aspect of the layout effects of rural residential land, rural settlements near the urban area had not been integrated with urban development. Among the 137 rural settle- ments to be evaluated in Mentougou District, the comprehensive intensive use were divided into four degrees, which were not intensive, low degree intensive, moderate intensive and highly intensive, and the proportion were 18.25%, 27.01%, 28.47% and 26.28% respectively, the average intensive use evaluation scores were 45.09, 51.70, 58.07 and 65.03 respectively. Location and economic factors were the key factors to intensive use of the land use for rural residential. In the spatial distribution, the degree of intensive use of rural settlements which was close to new cities and the central area of the towns has been relatively high in the input intensity, use intensity and economic benefits, which is different from the layout effects. To achieve the integration of urban and rural areas, the studies suggest that different methods of improving the intensive use of land should be used to highlight the differences between urban and rural areas; there are a variety of ways to implement the rural residential land intensive use.