环嵩山地区史前聚落群划分研究

The Study on Division of Prehistoric Settlements Group around Songshan Mountain Area

以环嵩山地区史前聚落为研究对象,以GIS技术为支撑,考虑聚落间的空间关系及地形与水系对聚落群的影响,改进K-medoids方法,利用聚落的加权距离代替欧氏距离,将环嵩山地区史前聚落划分为三大聚落群。伊河、洛河、涧河流域的聚落群从裴李岗到龙山时期古人的生产活动越来越活跃,从龙山到夏商时期,有可能受到不可抗拒的自然环境变化的影响而逐渐走向衰退。沙河、汝河流域聚落群4个时期的聚落数量均较少,说明不太适合古人类居住。贾鲁河、双洎河、颍河流域的聚落群从裴李岗到夏商时期,聚落数量不断增加,说明该地区古人类的生产活动越来越活跃。通过聚落群划分研究,揭示史前聚落空间分布特征,更深入地了解史前人类的社会组织形式。

The prehistoric settlement sites around the Songshan Mountain area was as research object with the support of GIS technology. The effects of spatial relationships of prehistoric settlement sites and topography and stream to prehistoric settlements groups should be considered. K-medoids method was improved by using the weighted distance in place of Euclidean distance between settlement sites. The prehistoric settlements sites around Songshan mountain area was divided into three settlements groups. The first settlements group lied in the basin of Yihe River, Luohe River, Jianhe River and Yiluo River; The second settlements group lied in the basin of Shahe River and Ruhe River; The third settlements group lied in the basin of Jialuhe River, Shuangjihe River and Yinghe River. The first settlements group was suitable for ancient human in Yangshao and Longshan period to live; The second settlements group was suitable for ancient human in Peligang and Xiashang period to live; The third settlements group was not suitable for ancient human of four periods to live. The study on the division of prehistoric settlement group around Songshan Mountain area can help understand deeply social organization of prehistoric human.