节能立面开口设计的综合模拟方法

Integrated simulation technology for energy-efficient building's facade opening design

针对建筑外立面开口形式设计的分析需要,探讨了适合方案阶段建筑围护结构优化的采光、传热及自然通风综合分析方法.通过采用设计案例分析的方法,对现有采光及自然通风模型的模拟性能(精度、速度、建模难度)进行了比较.结果表明,采光系数模型以及空气流动网络模型比较适合于方案阶段的采光及自然通风综合分析;在反映开口设计形式变化的影响规律方面,相比目前应用广泛的Radiance采光模型以及CFD(computational fluid dynamics)软件通风模型,Energyplus模型计算的采光量、通风量及能耗误差均在10%以内.此外,在利用空气流动网络模型进行自然通风计算时,需要采用非均匀风压系数边界条件以准确反映开口位置变化的影响.

According to the analysis demand of the building facade opening design, an integrated simulation method of day-lighting, thermal performance and natural ventilation is explored, which is suitable for the building envelope optimization in the design process. Through the method of analyzing design cases, the simulation capabilities （ precision, calculation speed, and modeling difficulty） of existing day-lighting and natural ventilation modules are compared. The research results indicate that the daylight factor model and the multi-zone network model are more suitable for the integrated day-lighting and natural ventilation simulation in the schematic design phase. Compared with Radiance model and CFD （ computational fluid dynamics） software model, the calculation errors of daylighting quantity, air flow rate and energy consumption of the Energyplus model are all less than 10% in reflecting the influences of the opening design changes. Furthermore, when the multi-zone network model is used to calculate the natural ventilation, the surface non-averaged wind pressure coefficients are needed to accurately reflect the influence of the opening form and position changes.