白蚁消化系统解剖构造及共生物研究进展

Research progress inanatomic structures of digestive system and symbiotes in termites

对白蚁消化系统的解剖结构与功能、白蚁消化道内外共生生物区系及其消化机理等方面的研究进行了综述。大量研究表明,白蚁消化系统具有发达的唾腺和后肠,不同种类和品级个体间消化道各组成部分的发达程度和折叠方式存在明显差异,在结构上呈现由低等白蚁向高等白蚁渐变复杂的趋势。白蚁消化道内共生生物包括原生动物、螺旋体和细菌,蚁巢伞属真菌以菌圃的形式与高等培菌白蚁建立消化道外的共生关系。目前,消化营养已经成为白蚁取食引诱等防治技术开发的重要靶标。

This review summarized the research progress in digestive physiology in termites. The main contents included the anatomic structures and functions of the digestive system, the biota of inside and outside symbiotes, the digestive tract and their digestive mechanisms. The distinguishing features of digestive system in termites were of the developed salivary glands and hindgut. There were distinct differences in the size and the folding way in corresponding parts of digestive system among different species and castes. The anatomic structure of the digestive system in higher termites was more complicated than that of in lower termites. The symbiotes insided the digestive tract of termites included protozoa, spirochaeta, and bacteria, and the symbiosis outside the digestive tract was established between Termitoyces spp. and fungus-growing termites by fungus comb. At present, the digestive nutrient had become a type of important target for de- veloping technique in termite control, such as the food-attraction.