中国主要小麦种植区雨养条件下水分胁迫发生规律模拟

Simulation of water stress regularity in main wheat planting regions in China under rainfed conditions

运用EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate)作物生长模型模拟了1961—2011年中国各小麦种植区小麦生长过程,对中国各小麦种植区小麦生育期内水分胁迫规律进行了分析。结果表明:雨养条件下,全国11个小麦种植区的水分胁迫程度可分为3个等级;冬麦区(新疆冬麦区除外)和东北春麦区水分胁迫均值、发生频率均明显低于其他春麦区;南方的3个冬麦区(华南、西南、长江中下游),水分胁迫的程度、发生频率均低于其他麦区;黄淮、北部冬麦区水分胁迫规律相似,在1、2月和5、6月较高,而北部冬麦区水分胁迫程度和发生频率略高于黄淮冬麦区;北部、西北、北疆春麦区、新疆冬麦区在雨养条件下水分胁迫最为严重,如果没有灌溉,小麦几乎绝收,尤其是新疆冬麦区。

This study simulates the growth process of wheat in main wheat growing regions of China from 1961 to 2011 using EPIC （Environmental Policy Integrated Climate） model and analyzes the water stress in the growing period of wheat .The results reveal that the degree and frequency of water stress in winter wheat regions and Northeast spring wheat region except for Xinjiang winter wheat region are significantly lower than the other spring wheat regions .The degree and frequency of water stress in North ,Northwest and Middle and lower Yangtze winter wheat regions in the south are lower than those in the other regions .The rule of water stress in Huanghuai and North winter wheat regions are similar ,which shows that water stress is higher in January ,February ,May and June and North winter wheat region is a bit higher than Huanghuai winter wheat region in water stress degree and frequency .North ,Northwest ,North Xinjiang spring wheat re-gions especially Xinjiang winter wheat region are regions with most severe water stress .