河套灌区玉米膜下滴灌灌溉制度研究

Irrigation regime for corn production with drip irrigation and plastic mulching in Hetao irrigation region

为研究河套灌区膜下滴灌条件下玉米高产、节水、高效的灌溉制度，通过两年的田间试验，分析了膜下滴灌条件下玉米的耗水量规律，用Jensen模型建立了玉米的水分生产函数，并对玉米的灌溉制度进行了优化。结果表明：膜下滴灌条件下玉米在苗期对水分的敏感性较弱，此时期缺水对产量的影响较小；在拔节—抽雄、抽雄—花期和花期—灌浆期对水分的敏感性较强，此时期亏水将会减产。对玉米膜下滴灌灌溉制度优化得出：灌溉定额为275～325 mm ，玉米的产量较高；对灌水量的分配为苗期—拔节灌水量为20～40 mm ，拔节—抽穗的灌水量为40～60mm，抽雄—开花的灌水量为115mm，开花—灌浆的灌水量为80mm，灌浆—乳熟的灌水量为20～40mm，较本地常规地面灌每公顷节水2546．25～3296．25 mm ，节水效果十分显著。

In order to propose a high-yielding and water-saving irrigation regime for corn production with drip irriga-tion and plastic mulching in Hetao irrigation region ,two years of field experiment was conducted .Crop evaportranspi-ration for corn was measured ,and crop water productivity was estimated using the Jensen model .Results showed that corn was tolerant to water stress at seeding stage when water shortage had less effect on corn growth .By contrast ,corn plant was sensitive at stages of jointing to tasseling ,tasseling to flowering and flowering to filling .Irrigation amount of 275~325 mm resulted in higher grain yield ,with the distribution of irrigation being 20~40 ,40~60 ,115 and 80 mm at the stages of seedling to jointing ,jointing to tasseling ,tasseling to flowering ,and flowering to filling ,respectively , Compared with the usual surface irrigation ,irrigation water saved ranged from 2 546 .25 to 3 296 .25 mm per hectare .