异变与糊裱——晚清时期皖北匪患的成因与应对

Variation and Reparation:Research on the Causes of Bandits in Northern Anhui in Late Qing Dynasty and the Countermeasures

晚清中国,内忧外患,传统社会的控制力不断销蚀,清廷对地方的统治渐次失位。这一时期,地处淮河流域的皖北地区在传统民风异变、地方固有自救模式荒废、特殊的地缘因素以及灾害多发等原因的综合影响下匪患频仍。为了巩固自身统治以及维护地方秩序的稳定,清廷和地方士绅采取以下应对措施:首先以教化为本;其次将官方传统的蠲赈与新式"以工代赈"相结合;最后注重地方自救模式的重建。然而,深入考察这一系列应对措施对晚清皖北社会发展的作用,却极其微弱。

Confronted with domestic trouble and foreign invasion, the control force of traditional society in the late Qing Dynasty had been constantly eroded, and the Qing government had gradually lost the control over the local government. Due to the comprehensive factors such as the folkway variation, the neglect of local self-saving model, the special terrain and the natural disasters, the bandits existed in the northern Anhui located in the Huaihe River basin during this period. In order to consolidate their reign and maintain the stability of the local order and operation, the Qing government and the local gentry took corresponding measures including conducting edification policy, integrating the traditional official Juan and relief models with a new model of ＂food for work＂ as relief and reconstructing the local self-saving model. However, the effect of these measures on the social development of northern Anhui in the late Qing Dynasty was extremely weak.