谈汉语不定指中的实指

On one special kind of non-identifiable:specific

数量结构,特别是"一·量·名"结构,常被认为是典型的不定指。然而,有一种不定指,所指称对象能够被发话人所识别,可称实指,其在词形、入句表现、话题功能等方面都有别于普通的不定指。实指是发话人语用意图的产物。我们认为,从不定指到定指,或从定指到不定指,是一个不断变化的连续统,它们通过实指实现相互转化。实指的特殊性应该受到学界的关注与重视。

Numeral- classifier- noun structure, especially when the number included in the structure is one, is tend to be considered as a typical expression of non - identifiable reference. However, there is one kind of of non - identifiable,which called ＂specific＂ and it re^ers to something or someone that is identifiable for the speaker. It occurs because of speakerb intention. The specific shows different features from other kinds of non -identifiable in the aspects of form, syntactic performance, and thematic function. We argue that the transition between definiteness and/ndefiniteness is a continuum, and specific helps to realize that. The particularity of specific should be concerned.