报刊出版者权作为邻接权的正当性探析——基于德国《著作权法》第八修正案的思考

A Study of the Legitimacy of Ancillary Copyright for Press Publishers as Neighboring Rights: Thinking Based on the 8th Amendment of the German Copyright Law

2013年8月1日,德国《著作权法》第八修正案生效。针对以Google为代表的搜索引擎和新闻聚合器在互联网上免费使用报刊产品的行为,修正案创设了报刊出版者权。根据修正案,在报刊产品出版后一年内,报刊出版者对其享有以商业目的进行网络传播的专有权。本文介绍了德国《著作权法》此次修改的主要内容及特点,考察了"邻接权"的概念、产生背景、发展脉络、国际保护及国内法转化情况,梳理了不同国家法律中出版者所享有的邻接权种类,在此基础上对德国《著作权法》赋予报刊出版者用于控制报刊产品网络传播的邻接权保护的正当性进行了质疑,并就我国有无效仿修法之必要展开探讨。

The 8th amendment of the German Copyright Act has been applied since August 1, 2013. It has created an ancillary copyright for press publishers against search engines and news aggregators using newspaper articles on the Internet. Aeeording to this ancillary copyright, within one year after being published, press publishers have the exclusive right to make press products available to the publie for commereial purposes. This article describes the background, the legislative and political processes, the main content and responses to the amendment. It also elaborates the concept and development of international conventions upon neighboring rights, discusses how different countries have transferred these conventions into their domestic laws, and analyzes the types of neighboring fights for press publishers in different countries. Based on these findings, the article questions the legitimacy of ancillary copyright for press publishers as introduced by the new German Copyright Act, and explores the necessities to imitate amending the Chinese Copyright Act.