重构布达拉——承德普陀宗乘之庙的空间布置与象征结构

Reconstructing the Potala Palace The Spatial Arrangements and Symbolic Structure of the Temple of Potalaka Doctrine,Chengde

通过对建筑空间布置和宗教供奉配置的考察,揭示了普陀宗乘之庙并非是简单地对其原型——布达拉宫的仿造,而是出于政治目的进行了各种变更和独创。在这一过程中,达赖的象征元素有所弱化,有利于清帝方面的宗教叙事则被映射到建筑实体上,重新建立了一套象征结构,从而具象地阐释了乾隆帝心中理想的王统观定义,同时,采用向心化空间模式对藏式建筑的"都纲法式"进行改造,形成新的帝国样式。所有这些象征性处理均非明确直白的表达,而是通过宗教阐释和建筑空间布置进行的抽象转译。

The Temple of Potalaka Doctrine was traditionally thought as an imitation of the Potala Palace in Lhasa, however, this paper reveals ample modification and creation, with political purpose, in the spatial arrangements of the new building. In this course, the spatial and material symbols of Dalai Lama were replaced by Qing＇s emperor, and the religionary narration in favor of Emperor Qianlong was projected on the buildings of the temple in an attempt to reconstruct the symbolic structure that materialized Emperor Qianlong＇s definition of kingship legitimacy. Meanwhile, a centripetal spatial pattern was used instead of the traditional Tibetan du-khang formula to form a new imperialistic style. Symbolic modifications were not explicit but were translated through religious interpretations and architectural spatial arrangements in an abstract way.