城市开放空间网络构建——苏黎世从“灰色城市”到“宜居城市”的规划实践启示

Open Space Network Construction——Inspiration from the Planning Practice of Zurich from A "Gray City" to A "Livable City"

网络思维方式是近年来开放空间研究的一种新工具,也是欧洲国家开放空间实践的趋势。基于苏黎世案例探讨基于网络思维的城市开放空间优化规划。20世纪末期,苏黎世城市建设量剧增带来了开放空间流失、城市生态恶化、市民生活环境质量下降等一系列环境和社会问题。为了让城市开放空间与市民日常生活建立良好联系,苏黎世专门成立开放空间管理机构,挖掘、改善和维护城市中的开放空间,并重建城市开放空间的连接关系,构建了一个多尺度、多层次、多功能的立体开放空间网络体系,实现了从"灰色城市"到"宜居城市"的成功蜕变。苏黎世经验对于城市可持续发展具有规划思路和方法的启示。

In recent years network thinking is a kind of new tools in researches on open space, as well as a trend in open space practice of European countries. Based on Zurich case study, the article discusses open space planning based on network thinking. In the end of twentieth century, increasing city construction in Zurich led to a lot of problem such as open space loss, ecological deterioration, and decline in environmental quality of civic life. In order to establish close relation between open space and citizens＇ everyday life, Zurich cib, established special organization on open space, by excavating, optimizing and maintaining open space, and reconstructing links between open spaces, a three-dimensioned open space network system containing multi-scale, multi-level and multi-function is constructed, and Zurich successfully transformed from ＂gray city＂ to ＂livable city＂. Zurich case has enlightenments on planning idea and method on sustainable city development.